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Macropiper excelsum
''Piper excelsum'' (formerly known as Macropiper excelsum), called Kawakawa, is a small tree of which the subspecies ''M. excelsum'' subsp. ''excelsum'' is endemic to New Zealand; the subspecies ''M. e.'' subsp. ''psittacorum'' is found on Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and the Kermadec Islands
==Description==
It is found throughout the North Island, and as far south as Okarito (43.20 °S) on the West Coast and Banks Peninsula (43.5 °S) on the east coast of the South Island. The leaves are often covered with insect holes. The images depict the variety ''majus'' which has larger and more glossy leaves than ''M. excelsum''. The name ''Kawakawa'' in Māori refers to the bitter taste of the leaves, from ''kawa'' bitter.〔It has also been surmised that when Māori first came to New Zealand, they named the plant 'Kawakawa' because they recognised that the plant was a close relative of ''Piper methysticum'', the plant from which kava is made in the tropical Pacific. However, given that ''Piper'' species also occur in tropical Polynesia, it is more likely they simply applied the name of those plants to the New Zealand variety. In the Cook Islands and the Marquesas for instance, ''M.latifolium'' is known as 'Kavakava-atua'; in Samoa it is called 'Ava'ava-aitu'. ''M. latifolium'' is very similar in appearance to the New Zealand species, and is also used in traditional medicine in the Cook Islands.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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